How to move away from Big Tech Podcast Clients
Here's a guide on how to migrate away from Apple Podcasts.
Podcast subscriptions are among the most portable data in the software landscape, because podcasts are distributed through open RSS feeds. The standard transfer mechanism is an OPML file, a plain-text outline of your feed URLs that almost every independent client can import and export. Two limitations should be understood from the outset: only the subscription list travels, and playback history, progress and ratings are app-local.
For Apple Podcasts, there is no in-app OPML export on the iPhone, and the Mac application likewise offers no straightforward export command. The practical route is a web-based exporter: sign in at podcasts.apple.com, open your library and use one of the third-party OPML export tools to generate the file.
Spotify does not support OPML at all. You'll have to do the export/import by hand or find a web scraper that extracts the data semi-automatically.